Leukaemia is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. It mainly affects the white blood cells, which play a key role in fighting infections. The disease is classified based on the type of white blood cell involved either lymphoid or myeloid and by how quickly it progresses.
Acute leukaemia develops suddenly and spreads rapidly, while chronic leukaemia progresses more slowly over months or even years. According to the Cancer Council, recognising early symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment.
Early Symptoms to Watch For
Many people with leukaemia show no symptoms at first, making early detection challenging. Common warning signs include:
- Persistent tiredness or fatigue
- Pale complexion or anaemia
- Frequent infections, mouth sores, or fevers
- Easy bruising or unexplained bleeding
Less common symptoms may include bone or joint pain, swollen gums, headaches, vision problems, vomiting, or enlarged lymph nodes. Some patients also experience abdominal discomfort from an enlarged spleen or chest pains.
Being alert to these signs and seeking prompt medical evaluation can make a life-saving difference.
Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
The exact cause of leukaemia remains unclear, but risk factors include exposure to radiation, chemicals like benzene, and certain viral infections. Genetic mutations, such as the Philadelphia chromosome, are linked to chronic forms.
Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsies, and imaging such as X-rays. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted drugs, and stem cell or bone marrow transplants.
While there’s no known way to prevent leukaemia, early detection and medical intervention significantly improve outcomes. Awareness of symptoms and regular health check-ups remain the best defense.
If you experience persistent fatigue, frequent infections, or unexplained bruising, don’t ignore them—early diagnosis could save your life.
