Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as “forever chemicals,” are increasingly raising alarms for expectant mothers due to their persistence in the environment and potential health risks. These synthetic chemicals are found in everyday products such as nonstick cookware, waterproof clothing, microwave popcorn bags, cosmetics, and even drinking water. Despite being slow to break down, they are rapidly absorbed by the human body and can accumulate over time, including during pregnancy.
Pregnancy is a particularly vulnerable period for PFAS exposure. These chemicals can pass through the placenta, transferring from mother to fetus, and accumulate there over time. Once a woman gives birth and the placenta is expelled, some PFAS leave her body, reducing the risk for future pregnancies. However, studies show that fetuses can receive between 30% and 80% of the PFAS levels found in their mother’s blood.
PFAS exposure during pregnancy has been linked to several serious complications. These include lower birthweight, with some babies born nearly 9 ounces lighter than expected. Research suggests that low birthweight may contribute to a higher risk of childhood obesity due to a potential metabolic imbalance that causes the body to overcompensate in calorie storage. The chemicals may also interfere with liver development, fat processing, and blood circulation in both the mother and the baby.
Long-term effects of prenatal PFAS exposure may include higher risks of childhood cancers like acute lymphoblastic leukemia, increased blood pressure during adolescence, compromised immune responses, and developmental disorders. Some children exposed to PFAS in utero experience behavioral issues and delays in language development key indicators of overall brain development.
After birth, PFAS can continue to affect infants through breast milk, although the transfer is less efficient than through the placenta. PFAS exposure can alter the nutritional quality of breast milk, increasing unhealthy fats and reducing lactose levels. These changes may hinder a mother’s ability to breastfeed and affect infant growth, though experts still advocate for breastfeeding due to its many benefits.
Reducing exposure to PFAS involves lifestyle adjustments: opting for glass or stainless steel cookware, eating more plant-based foods, avoiding products with water-repellent coatings, and limiting certain cosmetics. Renovation materials such as paint and wallpaper may also contain PFAS, making it advisable to delay home improvements during pregnancy.
While it is difficult to avoid PFAS entirely, awareness and small changes can reduce exposure. Ultimately, the responsibility lies less with individuals and more with stronger governmental regulation to prevent future harm from these pervasive chemicals.
