A new COVID-19 subvariant, NB.1.8.1 – also called Nimbus – is sweeping through the U.S. and is known for one particularly unpleasant symptom: a sore throat that feels like swallowing razor blades. This sharp, painful sore throat has become one of the hallmark symptoms of the variant, which emerged earlier this year.
Nimbus is a subvariant of Omicron, which has been the dominant COVID strain globally since late 2021. Unlike the original strains of the virus, Omicron variants tend to affect the upper respiratory tract more than the lungs. As a result, sore throat has become a more frequent and intense symptom, with many patients reporting it as their most severe issue.
The reason behind this intense pain may lie in how the virus interacts with the body. COVID binds to ACE2 receptors, which are found in high concentrations in cells in the throat and nose. These cells are among the first to encounter the virus. As the virus attaches and invades these cells, the immune system responds quickly and strongly, especially in people previously infected or vaccinated. This triggers inflammation and swelling in the throat, leading to the burning, raw pain.
This sore throat isn’t directly caused by the virus itself, but by the immune system’s reaction to it. The inflammation and fluid buildup in the tissues of the throat can cause significant discomfort, often making it feel like swallowing shards of glass.
It’s also possible that sore throats seem worse now than earlier in the pandemic because the focus used to be on more systemic symptoms like fever, fatigue, and breathing problems. Now, with milder systemic effects, sore throat stands out more.
Treatment is mostly supportive. Anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen are effective at reducing throat pain and swelling. Numbing lozenges and sprays can offer temporary relief. Menthol lozenges help by mildly numbing the nerves in the throat. Warm or cold fluids, though not backed by strong studies, can also bring comfort.
What should be avoided: antibiotics, which do not work against viruses; unnecessary use of steroids, which may worsen outcomes; and applying pressure to the throat, which could cause harm.
If a sore throat is severe, worsening, or accompanied by trouble breathing, it’s important to seek medical care. A COVID test is recommended if positive, antiviral treatment may be an option.
