Former rugby star Lewis Moody’s recent diagnosis with a neurodegenerative disease has once again raised questions about the potential link between rugby and Motor Neurone Disease (MND). Over the years, several former players have shared similar diagnoses, sparking ongoing debates about the long-term health effects of repeated head impacts in collision sports. Yet, despite growing awareness, clear scientific answers remain elusive.
Research so far points to a correlation between traumatic brain injuries and MND, but there is no conclusive evidence proving that head trauma directly causes the disease. It is one factor among many—alongside genetics, environmental exposure, and other physical stresses—that could contribute to its development. Studies have explored connections to electrical or mechanical trauma, heavy metals, pesticides, and even intense physical activity, but none have established a definitive cause.
One major study of over 400 former international rugby players found their risk of developing MND to be 15 times higher than that of the general population. However, similar levels of risk have been reported among groups such as farmers and military veterans, suggesting that the danger might not be unique to sport. What distinguishes rugby is the visibility of its cases and the courage of its players in raising awareness of the disease.
Scientific investigations often face challenges such as small sample sizes, inconsistent data, and misinterpretation of findings. Some reports claiming that multiple concussions make players biologically more prone to MND have been debunked by their own researchers. The consensus among experts is that more extensive, long-term, and better-funded research is urgently needed to clarify the picture.
In the meantime, responsibility falls to sports governing bodies to educate players about potential risks and implement stronger safety measures. The years following rugby’s professionalization in 1995 saw inadequate understanding and limited regulation of head injuries, leaving many players vulnerable.
Lewis Moody’s story highlights both personal courage and systemic failure. While he has expressed discomfort with blaming others for his health issues, his case underscores the need for accountability and reform. For today’s players, awareness and precaution may be the best defence until science can finally provide the answers that so many seek.
