The 2025 southwest monsoon season in India has officially concluded, revealing a dramatic pattern of uneven and extreme rainfall across the country. A report from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) shows that nearly 45% of India’s landmass experienced episodes of extreme precipitation — a trend scientists are increasingly linking to climate change and shifting atmospheric patterns.
Above-Normal Rainfall, Uneven Distribution
Nationally, India recorded 108% of the long-period average (LPA), marking an above-normal season overall. Yet, this figure masks sharp regional contrasts. Central and northern regions — including Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan — witnessed relentless downpours, flash floods, and widespread infrastructure damage. In contrast, Kerala and several northeastern states suffered from significant rainfall deficits, leading to crop stress and water scarcity.
El Niño and Atmospheric Shifts Drive Imbalance
The IMD attributed this year’s irregular rainfall patterns to El Niño conditions and evolving regional circulation dynamics. These factors disrupted the traditional rhythm of the monsoon, intensifying rainfall in some regions while weakening it in others — a growing hallmark of India’s changing climate system.
Rising Climate Risks for Agriculture and Urban Systems
Experts warn that the increasing frequency of extreme weather events poses mounting challenges for India’s agriculture, water management, and urban planning. “This year’s monsoon underscores the urgent need for adaptive measures,” said a senior IMD scientist. “Our traditional rainfall models are becoming less reliable, and resilience planning is now critical.”
Call for Stronger Climate Resilience
With the monsoon season now over, meteorologists and policymakers are calling for enhanced early-warning systems and climate-resilient infrastructure to mitigate future impacts. As India faces a warming atmosphere, experts agree that the nation’s economic stability and food security will increasingly depend on how effectively it adapts to the evolving monsoon cycle.
A Shifting Climate Reality
The 2025 monsoon has once again highlighted India’s vulnerability to climate extremes — a reminder that adaptation and preparedness will be vital in safeguarding the nation’s environment and livelihoods in the years ahead.
