Russia has become the first country to formally recognise the Taliban government in Afghanistan, accepting the credentials of a new Afghan ambassador. This marks a major milestone for the Taliban administration, which has sought international legitimacy since seizing power in August 2021 following the withdrawal of U.S.-led forces.
Russia’s Foreign Ministry confirmed the recognition on Thursday, expressing optimism about developing strong bilateral relations. “We believe that the act of official recognition of the government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan will give impetus to the development of productive bilateral cooperation between our countries in various fields,” read the ministry’s statement. Moscow pledged to support Kabul in areas such as security, counter-terrorism, drug control, and economic development, particularly in energy, transport, agriculture, and infrastructure.
Afghan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi welcomed Russia’s decision, calling it a “courageous step” and hoping it would inspire other countries to follow suit.
While nations like China, the United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, and Pakistan have stationed ambassadors in Kabul, none have formally recognised the Taliban government. Russia’s move therefore signals a significant shift in international diplomacy, potentially influencing future global engagements with Afghanistan.
Russia’s ties with the Taliban have evolved significantly. Although the group was declared a terrorist organisation in Russia in 2003, the ban was lifted earlier this year. President Vladimir Putin has called the Taliban an ally in combating terrorism, especially amid growing concerns over the Islamic State Khorasan (ISIS-K). The group was blamed for the March 2024 Moscow concert hall attack, which killed 149 people.
Russia’s relationship with Afghanistan is rooted in a complex past. The Soviet Union’s 1979 invasion led to a decade-long conflict against U.S.-backed mujahideen fighters, resulting in the deaths of around 15,000 Soviet troops before their withdrawal in 1989.
However, international recognition of the Taliban remains deeply contentious. Western nations continue to withhold recognition, citing human rights concerns particularly the Taliban’s restrictions on women’s education and freedom. The Taliban maintains it enforces laws based on its interpretation of Islamic principles.
Russia’s move may deepen geopolitical shifts in the region as other countries weigh the benefits and risks of formal engagement with the Taliban regime.
