Russian lawmakers have taken a controversial step toward curbing internet freedom by advancing legislation that would fine individuals for deliberately accessing or searching for online content labeled “extremist.” The bill, passed in its second reading by the State Duma on Thursday with 283 votes in favor and 22 against, proposes penalties of up to 5,000 rubles (approximately $64).
Critics have condemned the proposal as a direct attack on digital rights and freedom of expression. The legislation targets users who intentionally access material listed as extremist by the Russian justice ministry, which currently includes over 5,000 entries ranging from pro-Ukraine songs and political slogans to Pussy Riot blog posts and even sections of the Wikipedia article on dynamite.
Though backers of the bill, such as United Russia party lawmaker Alexander Teterdinko, insist that only deliberate access will be penalized, digital rights advocates warn the scope is dangerously broad. “Even materials not officially listed could be deemed extremist,” said Sarkis Darbinyan, co-founder of Roskomsvoboda. “Purpose, whether scientific or educational, won’t be a defense.”
Further concerns stem from the bill’s ambiguous enforcement mechanisms. It’s unclear whether responsibility would fall on individuals, internet service providers, or websites. The legislation also includes clauses banning advertisements for virtual private networks (VPNs) and imposing fines for transferring SIM cards measures seen as further restricting online anonymity.
Originally intended to tighten regulations around shipping clerks, the bill was expanded through amendments that many critics say deviate sharply from its initial purpose.
The Kremlin has distanced itself from the bill, with spokesman Dmitry Peskov stating it needs “more detailed explanations” to address public concerns. Deputy State Duma speaker Vladislav Davankov labeled aspects of the legislation as an “attack on the basic rights of citizens.”
Even pro-Kremlin voices have raised alarms. Russia Today editor-in-chief Margarita Simonyan warned the law could hamper journalistic efforts to expose extremist networks. “I hope there will be amendments,” she posted on Telegram.
The bill must pass a third reading and receive approval from the Federation Council before it can be signed into law by President Vladimir Putin.
